Asphalt Paving Calculator
Calculate tons of hot mix asphalt for driveways and parking lots. Based on industry-standard density.
Project Measurements
Residential driveways: 2-3 inches. Commercial: 3-4 inches.
Standard hot mix: 145 lbs/cu ft
Your Estimate
Tons Required
0.00
tons of hot mix asphalt
Volume Breakdown
The Math Behind the Calculator
Asphalt Tonnage Formula
Tons = (L x W x D/12) x Density / 2000
Where L and W are in feet, D is in inches, and density is in lbs/cu ft.
Preparing the Gravel Base: The Key to Lasting Asphalt
A proper gravel base is essential for asphalt longevity. Without it, your driveway will crack and develop potholes within a few years. Here's the professional approach:
- Excavate to depth - Remove topsoil and organic material. Dig 8-12 inches below your final surface for the gravel base plus asphalt.
- Compact native soil - Use a plate compactor or roller to create a stable subgrade. Soft spots will cause future problems.
- Install geotextile fabric - Optional but recommended in wet areas. Prevents gravel from sinking into soft soil.
- Spread crushed stone base - Use 3/4" minus (crusher run) aggregate. This angular material locks together and compacts well.
- Compact in lifts - Apply 3-4 inch layers, compacting each with a plate compactor or roller. Target 95% compaction.
- Grade for drainage - Slope base away from structures at 1-2% (1/8" to 1/4" per foot).
Base Thickness Guidelines
| Application | Gravel Base | Asphalt Depth |
|---|---|---|
| Light residential (cars only) | 4-6 inches | 2-3 inches |
| Heavy residential (RVs, trucks) | 6-8 inches | 3-4 inches |
| Commercial parking lot | 8-12 inches | 4-6 inches |
How Temperature Affects Asphalt Installation
Ideal Conditions
- Air temp: 50°F - 85°F (10°C - 29°C)
- Ground temp: Above 50°F (10°C)
- Wind: Light to moderate
- Rain: No precipitation during install
Avoid Paving When...
- Temperature below 40°F (asphalt cools too fast)
- Rain is expected within 24 hours
- Ground is frozen or saturated
- High humidity delays curing
Curing Timeline
- 24-48 hours: Light foot traffic only
- 3-5 days: Vehicle traffic allowed
- 6-12 months: Full cure - avoid pointed objects (kickstands, jack stands)
- First summer: Asphalt remains soft in high heat
Asphalt Types: Which Do You Need?
Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
The standard for driveways and roads. Mixed at 300°F+ and must be applied while hot. Requires professional equipment and is sold by the ton from asphalt plants.
Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)
Similar to hot mix but mixed at lower temperatures (250-275°F). More environmentally friendly with reduced emissions. Stays workable longer.
Cold Patch (Bag Asphalt)
Pre-mixed asphalt sold in bags at hardware stores. For repairs only - not suitable for new driveways. Temporary fix until proper hot mix can be applied.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I pave my own driveway?
Technically yes, but it's challenging. Hot mix must be applied within 30-45 minutes of delivery while at 275°F+. You'll need a roller or plate compactor, and working with hot asphalt requires proper PPE. Most homeowners hire professionals.
How long does asphalt last?
With proper base preparation and maintenance, asphalt driveways last 15-20 years. Sealcoating every 3-5 years extends life significantly. Cracks should be filled promptly to prevent water damage.
What's the minimum order from an asphalt plant?
Most plants have a 2-3 ton minimum order. For small patches, cold patch from hardware stores works for temporary repairs. Anything larger than patching really requires hot mix.